Description:
The buttercup gene is the gene behind the buttercup comb. It looks like two single combs that form a general cup or crown shape instead of the typical single comb. The gene is linked to the general duplex comb locus, making it similar to the V-comb and other comb types where the typical single comb is split in two (2). A bird cannot have two copies of both the v-comb gene and the buttercup gene at the same time (1).
It is a dominant gene, meaning that the bird will look the same whether it has one copy of the buttercup gene or two copies of it. It isn't described how the buttercup gene interacts with other comb genes such as the pea comb or the rose comb genes.
It is found on the Buttercup and Caumont breeds, though only the Sicilian Buttercup is recognized by the APA (3).
Buttercup x Buttercup = 100% buttercup.
Buttercup x Single Comb = 100% Het. BC (which appears like the normal buttercup look)
Buttercup x Het. BC = 50% Buttercup, 50% Het. BC. (all of the offspring have the buttercup comb)
Het. BC x Het. BC = 25% full Buttercup, 50% Het. BC, and 25% single comb. (75% of the offspring will look buttercup)
Het. BC x Single Comb = 50% single comb, 50% het. BC (half the offspring will have a buttercup comb)
References & Further Reading
Dorshorst, Ben; Harun-Or-Rashid, Mohammad; Jian Bagherpoor, Alireza; Rubin, Carl-Johan; Ashwell, Chris; Gourichon, David; et al. (2015). The Duplex-comb phenotypes V-shaped and Buttercup are both associated with a novel 20 Kb duplication on chicken chromosome 2.. PLOS Genetics. Figure. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004947.g001
Taylor, Lewis W. "Multiplex combs." Poultry Science 25, no. 6 (1946): 610-615.
American Poultry Association. (2023). American Standard of Perfection (45th ed.)
Dorshorst B, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Bagherpoor AJ, Rubin C-J, Ashwell C, Gourichon D, et al. (2015) A Genomic Duplication is Associated with Ectopic Eomesodermin Expression in the Embryonic Chicken Comb and Two Duplex-comb Phenotypes. PLoS Genet 11(3): e1004947. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004947